Chronic back pain is a pain that continues for 12 weeks or longer, even after an initial injury or underlying cause for back pain has been treated.
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Symptoms of back pain
- Expanding pain with lifting and bending.
- Deteriorating pain while resting, sitting, or standing.
- Back pain that comes and goes.
- Stiffness in the morning while awakening and lessened back pain with activity.
- Pain that radiates away from the back into the buttocks, leg, or hip
Causes and Risk Factors
The specific reason for pain might be difficult to recognize because it can start in soft tissue, bone, discs or nerves. Individuals who smoke or work at jobs that need monotonous or heavy lifting or include vibration from vehicles or industrial
machinery are more likely to develop low back pain. Sports, like cross-country skiing, as can driving a vehicle for a long time can likewise cause back pain.
Diseases like spinal osteoarthritis or spondylitis and compression fractures can likewise cause pain. These conditions are more prevalent in the old aged people. Consequently, elders are at higher risk for back pain.
In spine and musculoskeletal cases, pain management serves variety of purposes. Pain management is usually distinguished from surgical treatment.
Pain management and the techniques it uses might be employed as follows:
- To assist with recognizing the source of a patient's back pain
- As an alternative to surgery, as a part of an aggressive conservative (nonsurgical) care program
- To assist with determining the regions to be addressed surgically
- To assist with rehabilitating the patient after surgery
- For patients after surgery to cope with residual or recalcitrant pain
Pain management uses a several techniques to address pain and painful disorders.
Non-invasive non-drug pain management
- Exercise - physical exertion with the aim to increase strength, expanding adaptability, and restoring normal motion. Incorporates the McKenzie technique, water therapy, stretching exercises, aerobic routines and many others. May include
active, passive and resistive elements. Exercise is important for proper cardiovascular health, disc nutrition and musculoskeletal health.
- Manual techniques - manipulation of impacted regions by applying force to the joints, muscles, and ligaments. Some evidence for the effectiveness of specific techniques is available.
- Behavioural modification - Use of behavioural methods to optimise the responses of the patient to back pain and painful stimuli. Cognitive therapy includes teaching the patient to alleviate back pain by means of relaxation techniques,
coping strategies and different methods. Biofeedback includes figuring out how to control muscle tension, blood pressure, and heart rate for symptomatic improvement
- Superficial heating or cooling of skin - These pain management techniques include cold packs and hot packs, ultrasound, and diathermy and ought to be utilized in conjunction with exercise.
- Electrotherapy - the most commonly known form of electrotherapy is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS therapy attempts to lessen back pain by means of a low-voltage electric stimulation that interacts with the sensory
nervous system.
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